‘If clinicians are going to recommend statins to their patients, then their duty of care must extend to ensuring that the nature of absolute risk and relative risk is explained’ .
NICE (2021) recommends that all patients who actively smoke should receive smoking cessation advice at each clinical assessment. Comprehensive smoking cessation programmes have been shown to be more...
Blood vessels are often described as channels that carry blood throughout the body, forming a closed circuit that begins and ends at the heart. Blood travels through the blood vessels following a...
A narrative review methodology was used following the standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement (Page et al, 2021). A search of two...
Max, a 65-year-old gentleman with no prior past medical history, had been admitted to the emergency department as a ‘resus pre-alert’ at the beginning of this admission 1 week previously. Ambulance...
Heart failure is a complex multifactorial syndrome with various possible underlying causes. Most patients will initially present to primary care with signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as...
The heart is located near the midline of the thoracic cavity, commonly known as the mediastinum, and rests on the diaphragm (Cook et al, 2021). The mediastinum is the space in the centre of the thorax...
In recent years, globally, the profile of the nursing profession has increased and with it the demand for nurses to work at advanced levels of nursing practice, with such roles requiring a range of...
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, regular screening and management of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and obesity are vital to mitigate cardiovascular risk. Other variables, such as...
Chest pain is a common complaint, comprising up to 25% of emergency department attendances (Byrne, 2014). Not all of these will have a cardiac complaint; however, it is crucial to recognise important...
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